5. Conflict of Interest

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Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies requires authors, reviewers, and editors to disclose relationships or interests that could influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, their research, assessment, or editorial judgment.

Conflicts of interest may be financial or non-financial. They may arise from employment, research funding, consultancy, personal relationships, academic collaboration, professional competition, institutional affiliations, or organisational commitments relevant to the work being considered.

Having a conflict of interest does not necessarily imply misconduct or prevent publication. Disclosure enables the journal to assess the circumstances and manage them transparently.

Authors

Authors must disclose relevant conflicts of interest when submitting their manuscript. They must also identify funding sources and explain any role the funder played in designing the study, collecting or analysing data, preparing the manuscript, or deciding to submit it for publication.

A conflict-of-interest statement must be included in the manuscript. If no relevant conflicts exist, authors should state:

“The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.”

Reviewers

Reviewers must inform the editor of any relationship or interest that could compromise their impartiality. They should decline a review assignment when a conflict prevents an independent assessment. When uncertain, reviewers should disclose the circumstances and seek the editor’s advice before proceeding.

Editors

Editors must not handle manuscripts where personal, professional, financial, or institutional relationships could compromise their independence. Responsibility for such manuscripts will be assigned to an independent editor.

Submissions by editors or members of the journal’s management team are subject to independent editorial handling and peer review. The submitting authors will not participate in decisions concerning their own manuscripts.

Undisclosed Conflicts

If a relevant conflict of interest is identified after submission or publication, the journal will seek clarification and assess its implications. Appropriate action may include reassignment of editorial or review responsibilities, further review, or publication of a correction. Retraction may be considered where an undisclosed conflict seriously undermines the reliability or integrity of the article.

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