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3. Authorship Criteria
Jurnal ICMES: The Journal of Middle East Studies requires authorship to reflect meaningful scholarly contributions and a willingness to take responsibility for the published work. These requirements apply to all article types published by the journal, including empirical research, conceptual studies, and literature reviews.
3.1. Requirements for Authorship
Everyone listed as an author must meet all of the following criteria:
- Substantive contribution: Make a substantial scholarly contribution to the conception or design of the study, data collection, analysis, or interpretation. In conceptual studies and literature reviews, this may include developing a conceptual framework, interpreting sources, or constructing scholarly arguments.
- Manuscript preparation and revision: Participate in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it in ways that substantively improve its intellectual content.
- Final approval: Read and approve the final version of the manuscript to be published.
- Accountability: Agree to take responsibility for their contribution and cooperate in ensuring that questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
Those who have made substantive contributions must be given an opportunity to participate in drafting or revising the manuscript, approve the final version, and fulfil the responsibilities of authorship.
3.2. Contributions That Do Not Qualify for Authorship
Securing funding, providing facilities, offering administrative assistance, editing language, providing technical support, or exercising general supervision alone does not qualify an individual for authorship. Position, seniority, institutional relationships, or supervisory status do not automatically confer authorship.
Individuals who have provided assistance but do not meet all authorship criteria may be recognised in the Acknowledgements section. Their contributions should be described, and their permission must be obtained before they are named.
3.3. Transparency of Contributions and Author Order
All individuals who meet the authorship criteria must be included as authors. The journal does not permit the inclusion of individuals who do not qualify for authorship (gift or guest authorship) or the omission of individuals who do (ghost authorship).
Author order must be agreed upon collectively, taking into account each author’s contribution and the scholarly conventions of the relevant discipline. This agreement must be reached before the manuscript is submitted.
Authors must provide a clear statement of their individual contributions. This statement may use the CRediT taxonomy or an equivalent description of contributions. Assigning a contributor role does not, in itself, establish eligibility for authorship or replace the authorship criteria.
3.4. Corresponding Author
The corresponding author is responsible for:
- Managing communication with the editorial office throughout submission, peer review, publication, and after publication.
- Ensuring that all authors have approved the manuscript’s submission, author order, contribution statement, and final published version.
- Ensuring that author details, affiliations, funding information, conflict-of-interest disclosures, and supporting documents are accurate and complete.
- Coordinating responses to editorial enquiries, including questions about the accuracy or integrity of the article after publication.
Designation as the corresponding author does not remove the responsibilities of other authors or automatically indicate the extent of an individual’s scholarly contribution.
3.5. Changes to Authorship
Requests to add or remove an author, or to change author order after submission, must be submitted to the editor by the corresponding author. Requests must include a clear explanation and written agreement from all authors, including any individual being added or removed.
The editor will assess the request and may suspend the editorial process until the authorship issue has been resolved. Changes approved after publication will be documented through a transparent correction notice.
3.6. Authorship Disputes
Authors should first attempt to resolve authorship disputes among themselves. If no agreement can be reached, the journal may refer the matter to the relevant institution for resolution and suspend the processing or publication of the manuscript.
Editors do not determine an individual’s contribution solely on the basis of one party’s claim. Suspected authorship misconduct is addressed through examination of evidence, requests for clarification, and communication with the relevant institution where necessary.
3.7. Use of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot provide consent, manage conflicts of interest, or take responsibility for scholarly work.
Any use of generative AI that affects the content of a manuscript must be disclosed, identifying the tool and the purpose of its use. All authors remain responsible for the originality of the work, the accuracy of its content, the validity of its references, and the integrity of the manuscript.
