Revolusi Islam Iran
Komparasi Antara Revolusi Agama dan Revolusi Sosial
Abstrak
Revolusi Islam Iran 1979 merupakan salah satu revolusi paling kompleks dan menantang dalam sejarah modern, karena tidak hanya menggulingkan monarki Pahlavi tetapi juga mendirikan sistem republik Islam yang menggabungkan nilai-nilai agama dan politik. Artikel ini bertolak dari pertanyaan: sejauh mana Revolusi Islam Iran dapat dijelaskan melalui teori revolusi sosial dan/atau revolusi agama? Untuk menjawabnya, penelitian ini membandingkan dua perspektif teoritis: teori Revolusi Sosial Theda Skocpol yang menekankan faktor-faktor struktural dan kelembagaan, serta pandangan Imam Ali Khamenei tentang revolusi agama yang berakar pada nilai-nilai Al Quran dan spiritualitas. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif-komparatif, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Revolusi Islam Iran tidak dapat sepenuhnya dipahami hanya dari aspek struktural atau spiritual semata, melainkan merupakan sintesis unik antara perubahan material dan transformasi ideologis, sehingga menghadirkan model revolusi baru yang melampaui dikotomi konvensional Barat antara agama dan sosial.
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