The Role of the Arab League in Efforts to Stop Israeli Occupation of Palestine (2017-2023)
Abstract
The expulsion and oppression activities carried out by Israel are a major problem that continues to be experienced by the Palestinian people. So it requires attention and support from outside parties, such as the Arab League, to be able to fight for independence for Palestine. In this article, researchers use the theory of organizational roles to analyze the role of the Arab League as an actor, arena and instrument. This research was conducted using a qualitative method from Christopher Lamont. As for the sources and techniques of data collection, they were obtained through archives and documents, both primary, secondary, and those obtained via the internet. The results of this research show that the Arab League continues to demonstrate its role as a regional organization in seeking solutions to stop Israeli colonialism in Palestine, but until now, the Arab League has not succeeded in freeing Palestine from Israel. Due to the inability of member countries to build solidarity and end dependence on the United States, decisions are often made by considering the interests of certain parties.
Downloads
References
Al Jazeera. (2018, April 15). Arab Leaders Mute on Syria Strikes at Saudi Summit. Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/4/15/arab-leaders-mute-on-syria-strikes-at-saudi-summit
Al Jazeera. (2022, April 29). Israeli forces raid Al-Aqsa mosque, over 40 Palestinians injured . Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/29/dozens-injured-in-israeli-raid-on-al-aqsa-mosque-compound
Al Jazeera. (2022, Desember 31). UN Seeks ICJ Opinion on Israel’s illegal Occupation of Palestine. Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/31/un-seeks-icj-opinion-on-israels-illegal-occupation-of-palestine
Al Jazeera. (2023, November 11). Arab-Islamic Summit Rejects Justifying Gaza War as Israeli Self-Defence. Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/11/saudi-arabia-to-host-arab-islamic-summit-to-unify-efforts-on-gaza
Al Jazeera. (2023, Juni 23). Israel to Ramp Up Settlement Expansion in Occupied West Bank. Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/18/israeli-minister-given-sweeping-settlement-building-powers
Al Jazeera. (2023, April 5). Israeli Forces Attack Worshippers in Al-Aqsa Mosque Raid. Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/5/israeli-police-attack-worshippers-in-jerusalems-al-aqsa-mosque
Alarabiya News. (2023, Mei 19). Arab League Concludes Summit, Adopts Jeddah Declaration. Retrieved from Alarabiya News: https://english.alarabiya.net/News/saudi-arabia/2023/05/19/Arab-League-concludes-summit-adopts-Jeddah-Declaration-
Archer, C. (2001). International Organization Third Edition. London and New York : Routledge.
Barnett, M. (1995). Partners in Peace? The UN, Regional Organizations, and Peace-Keeping. Review of International Studies 21(04), 411-433.
Bishara, M. (2019, April 1). Arab Diplomat: The Decision to Boycott the Countries that Recognize Jerusalem as the Capital of Israel Will Not be Activated. Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/4/1/the-summit-of-decline-in-defence-of-an-arab-league/
Cheal, B. (1988). Refugees in the Gaza Strip, December 1948-May 1950. Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 18, No. 1, Special Issue: Palestine 1948 , 138-157.
Debre, S., & Shurafa, E. M. (2023, Oktober 14). Palestinians Flee Northern Gaza After Israel Orders 1 Million to Evacuate as Ground Attack Looms. Retrieved from AP News: https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-war-c8b4fc20e4fd2ef381d5edb7e9e8308c
European Union. (2019, Februari 25). EU-League of Arab States Reaffirms Common Positions on Middle East Peace Process in Sharm El-Sheikh Summit Declaration (Excerpts). Retrieved from United Nations: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/eu-league-of-arab-states-reaffirms-common-positions-on-middle-east-peace-process-in-sharm-el-sheikh-summit-declaration-excerpts/
European Union. (2023, February 13). MEPP: Joint Press Statement on Trilateral European Union -Kingdom of Saudi Arabia -League of Arab States Meeting. Retrieved from European External Action Service: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/mepp-joint-press-statement-trilateral-european-union-kingdom-saudi-arabia-league-arab-states-meeting_en
Fincham, D. G. (2015, Agustus 2). Understanding the Partition plan. Retrieved from Mondoweiss: https://mondoweiss.net/2015/08/independent-sovereign-palestine/
Ghaddar, A. (2023, November 21). Why Calls for Oil Embargo on Israel are Unlikely to Go Anywhere. Retrieved from Reuters : https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/why-calls-oil-embargo-israel-are-unlikely-go-anywhere-2023-11-21/
Haddad, M. (2022, Mei 2022). Nakba Day: What happened in Palestine in 1948? Retrieved from Aljazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/15/nakba-mapping-palestinian-villages-destroyed-by-israel-in-1948
Hinnebusch, R. (2018). The International Politics of the Middle East. New York: Manchester University Press.
International Court Justice . (2023, Maret 10). The Court Authorizes the League of Arab States to Participate in the Proceedings. Retrieved from International Court Justice : https://www.icj-cij.org/node/202584
International Court Justice. (2023, November 14). Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem (Request for Advisory Opinion) - Filing of written comments. Retrieved from International Court Justice: https://www.icj-cij.org/node/203274
Ismael, T. Y., & Perry, G. E. (2014). The International Relations of the Contemporary Middle East. New York: Rotledge Taylor & Francis Books.
Krauss, J. (2020, September 25). Palestinian leader calls for new peace process in UN speech. Retrieved from The Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/palestinian-leader-calls-for-new-peace-process-in-un-speech/2020/09/25/57ce234a-ff44-11ea-b0e4-350e4e60cc91_story.html
League of Arab States. (1945, Maret 22). Charter of Arab League. Retrieved from Refworld: https://www.refworld.org/legal/constinstr/las/1945/en/13854
League of Arab States. (2002). The Arab Peace Initiative, 2002. Retrieved from Kas.de: https://www.kas.de/documents/268421/268470/7_file_storage_file_3659_1.pdf/9e869fab-4352-2a63-5795-a662f1139ad3?version=1.0&t=1539659741069
League of Arab States. (2019, November 25). Resolution 8455 adopted by The Extraordinary Session of the Council of the League of Arab States at Ministerial Level. Retrieved from Lasportal: http://www.lasportal.org/ar/councils/lascouncil/Documents/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%2025-11-2019.pdf
League of Arab States. (2022, November 1). The Council of the League of Arab States at the Summit Level : Algiers Declaration. Retrieved from League of Arab States: http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/ar/summits/Documents/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1.pdf
League of Arab States. (2023, November 23). General Secretariat Organises Meeting for Arab, International Partners to Launch Popular Campaign to Prepare Humanitarian Aid for Gaza. Retrieved from League of Arab States: http://www.leagueofarabstates.net/en/news/Pages/NewsDetails.aspx?RID=2433
League of Arab States; UNRWA. (2020, Maret 04). Statement of UNRWA Commissioner-General at the League of Arab States Meeting in Cairo. Retrieved from United Nations: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/statement-of-unrwa-commissioner-general-at-the-league-of-arab-states-meeting-in-cairo/
Lein, Y., & Weizman, E. (2002). Land Grab Israel's Settlement Policy in the West Bank. B'Tselem.
Masalha, N. (2012). The Palestine Nakba: Decolonising History, Narrating the Subaltern, Reclaiming Memory. London and New York: Zed Books.
Nasur, N. I., Irshaid, M. N., & Jreban, M. I. (2017). The Failure of the Arab League in Solving Inter-State disputes. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences ISSN: 2046-9578, Vol.22 No.I (2017).
OCHA. (2023). Data on Casualties. Retrieved from ochaopt.org: https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiOTg5NTZlOWQtNmJhYy00MDQ0LWIyMmEtMzA0NDA1YTlkYmZiIiwidCI6IjBmOWUzNWRiLTU0NGYtNGY2MC1iZGNjLTVlYTQxNmU2ZGM3MCIsImMiOjh9
OCHA. (2023). Data on Demolition and Displacement in the West Bank. Retrieved from ochaopt.org: https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMmJkZGRhYWQtODk0MS00MWJkLWI2NTktMDg1NGJlMGNiY2Y3IiwidCI6IjBmOWUzNWRiLTU0NGYtNGY2MC1iZGNjLTVlYTQxNmU2ZGM3MCIsImMiOjh9
OCHA. (2023, Oktober 3). Thirteen Palestinian families displaced from Masafer Yatta. Retrieved from OCHA: https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/thirteen-palestinian-families-displaced-masafer-yatta-enarhe
OHCHR. (2023, Maret 28). Human Rights Council Hears that the Current Israeli Plan to Double the Settler Population in the Occupied Syrian Golan by 2027 is Unprecedented, and that 700,000 Israeli Settlers Are Living Illegally in the Occupied West Bank. Retrieved from OHCHR: https://www.ohchr.org/en/news/2023/03/human-rights-council-hears-current-israeli-plan-double-settler-population-occupied
Pappe, I. (2006). A History Of Modern Palestine : One Land, Two Peoples. New York: Cambridge.
Pappe, I. (2006). The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
Pappe, I. (2012). Shtetl Colonialism: First and Last Impressions of Indigeneity by Colonised Colonisers. In O. J. Salamanca, K. R. Mezna Qato, & S. Samour, Past is Present: Settler Colonialism in Palestine (pp. 39-58). Swinburne Institute for Social Research.
Ravid, B. (2023). Trump’s Peace : The Abraham Accords and the Reshaping of The Middle East. Barak Ravid.
Reuters. (2022, Agustus 7). Timeline: Major flare-ups between Israel and Palestinians in Gaza. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/major-flare-ups-between-israel-palestinians-gaza-2022-08-07/
Reuters. (2023, Juli 14). Israel Advances Peak Number of West Bank Settlement Plans in 2023, Watchdog Says. Retrieved from Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-advances-peak-number-west-bank-settlement-plans-2023-watchdog-2023-07-13/
Sayegh, F. (2012). Zionist Colonialism in Palestine (1965). In O. J. Salamanca, M. Qato, K. Rabie, & S. Samour, Settler Colonial Studies Past is Present: Settler Colonialism in Palestine (pp. 206-225). Settler Colonial Studies.
The Guardian. (2023, Desember 31). Death toll in Gaza reaches 21,822, says health ministry. Retrieved from The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2023/dec/31/israel-gaza-war-live-netanyahu-targets-control-of-gaza-egypt-border-in-many-months-of-war-on-hamas?filterKeyEvents=false&page=with:block-65913d668f083c8fda16c65d#block-65913d668f083c8fda16c65d
The Jewish Agency. (n.d.). Aliyah to Israel Benefits. Retrieved from The Jewish Agency for Israel: https://archive.jewishagency.org/aliyah-benefits/program/8231/
The New Arab. (2023, Oktober 25). Arab Group at UN 'Doubling Efforts to Secure Gaza Ceasefire'. Retrieved from The New Arab: https://www.newarab.com/news/arab-group-un-doubling-efforts-secure-gaza-ceasefire
Toffolo, C. E. (2008). The Arab League. New York: Chelsea House Publisher.
Ülger, I. k., & Hammoura, J. (2018). The Arab League: From Establishment to Failure. SLS E-Journal of Social and Legal Studies.
United Nations. (1947, November 29). Future government of Palestine. Retrieved from Refworld.org: https://www.refworld.org/docid/3b00f1950.html
United Nations. (2021, Mei 20). Gaza Children Living in “Hell on Earth” Secretary-General Tells General Assembly, as Calls for End to Violence Crescendo, News of Israel-Hamas Ceasefire Breaks – Press Release. Retrieved from United Nations : https://www.un.org/unispal/document/general-assembly-situation-in-the-middle-east-press-release-ga-12325/
United Nations Security Council. (2021, Mei 14). League of Arab States Resolution 8660 “Israeli Aggression Against the Occupied City of Jerusalem and its People, Including the Holy Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Sheikh Jarrah neighbourhood” (S/2021/462). Retrieved from un.org: https://www.un.org/unispal/document/league-of-arab-states-resolution-8660-israeli-aggression-against-the-occupied-city-of-jerusalem-and-its-people-including-the-holy-al-aqsa-mosque-and-the-sheikh-jarrah-neighbourhood/
UNRWA. (2023, Agustus). Where We Work Gaza Strip. Retrieved from UNRWA: https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/gaza-strip
UNSC. (2016, Desember 23). Israel’s Settlements Have No Legal Validity, Constitute Flagrant Violation of International Law, Security Council Reaffirms. Retrieved from United Nations: https://press.un.org/en/2016/sc12657.doc.htm
Veracini, L. (2010). Settler Colonialism A Theoretical Overview. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Veracini, L. (2017). Decolonizing Settler Colonialism: Kill the Settler in Him and Save the Man. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 41:1 (2017).
Zena Al Tahhan. (2017, Maret 30). Arab Summit: ‘Arabs Lost Confidence in Their Leaders’. Retrieved from Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/3/30/arab-summit-arabs-lost-confidence-in-their-leaders
 
							 
							





