Security Dilemma dalam Ketegangan AS-Iran Pasca Serangan Kapal Tanker di Teluk Oman

  • Fenny Rizka Salsabila International Relations Department Padjadjaran University
  • Dina Yulianti International Relations Department Padjadjaran University
Keywords: dilemma of interpretation, dilemma of response, Iran, security dilemma, United States of America

Abstract

This article aims to examine the tensions that occurred between the US and Iran, especially after the explosion of two tankers in the Gulf of Oman on June 13, 2019. The US accused Iran of being the perpetrators of the attack and took various actions in response, including increasing its military posture in the region. This article answers questions about the root of this tension in terms of the security dilemma concept of Booth and Wheeler (2008). The research was conducted qualitatively using data from mass media, documents, and journal articles. The findings of this research are that the US and Iran each interpret the other party as an enemy but the response given is different. The US gave a confrontational response by bringing forward its economic and military strength, while Iran in addition to giving signals (words) of resistance also gave a signal of reassurance or guarantee that it was prioritizing diplomacy and cooperation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aljazeera. (2019). US-Iran standoff: A timeline of key events. [online]. Dalam: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/06/iran-standoff-timeline-key-events-190622063937627.html [Diakses 15 Desember 2019]

Associated Press. (2019). Peta, dimuat dalam: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-trump-ordered-military-strike-iran-reversed-sources/story?id=63853570 [Diakses 15 Desember 2019]

Armedforces.eu. Military power of USA & Iran. [online]. Dalam: https://armedforces.eu/compare/country_USA_vs_Iran [Diakses 15 Desember 2019]

Barzegar, K. (2010). Roles at Odds: The Roots of Increased Iran-U.S. Tension in the Post-9/11 Middle East. Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs, 1 (3), 85-114.

BBC. (2019). Trump Menuduh Iran Melakukan Serangan Dua Kapal Minyak di Teluk Oman. Indonesia. [online]. Dalam: https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia-48608784 [Diakses 15 Desember 2019]

Booth dan Wheeler. (2008). The Security Dilemma: Fear, Cooperation and Trust in World Politics. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Chappell, B., Kenyon, P., Neuman, S. (2019). Iran Denies U.S. Claim That It Attacked Tankers In Gulf Of Oman. NPR. [online]. Dalam: https://www.npr.org/2019/06/14/732619332/iran-denies-u-s-claim-that-it-attacked-tankers-in-gulf-of-oman [Diakses 16 Desember 2019]

CNN Indonesia. (2019a). Trump Kecam Iran Usai Tembak Drone AS. [online]. Dalam: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20190621104505-134-405188/trump-kecam-iran-usai-tembak-drone-as [Diakses 12 Desember 2019]

CNN Indonesia. (2019b). AS Sebut Rudal Iran Paling Canggih di Timur Tengah. [Online]. Dalam: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20191120104223-134-449893/as-sebut-rudal-iran-paling-canggih-di-timur-tengah [Diakses 13 Desember 2019]

Cunningham, E., Gearan, A., Morello, C. (2019). U.S. blames Iran for attack on oil tankers, releases video purporting to show Iranians removing mine. Washington Post. [online]. Dalam: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/oil-tankers-attacked-in-gulf-of-oman-us-navy-says/2019/06/13/d59b784c-8db0-11e9-b162-8f6f41ec3c04_story.html [Diakses 13 Desember 2019]

Harris, S. dan Aid, N.M. (2013). Exclusive: CIA Files Prove America Helped Saddam as He Gassed Iran. Foreign Policy. [online]. Dalam: https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/26/exclusive-cia-files-prove-america-helped-saddam-as-he-gassed-iran/ [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Heywood, A. (2011). Global Politics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan

Huwaidi, M.B. (2015). The Security Dilemma in Saudi-Iranian Relations. Review of History and Political Science Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 69-79 DOI: 10.15640/rhps.v3n2a8

Katzman, K., Mcinnis, K.J., dan Thomas, C. (2019). US Iran Tensions and Implication for US Policy, (Congressional Research Service Paper) https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R45795.pdf [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Laub, Z. (2015). International Sanctions on Iran. Council on Foreign Relations. [online]. Dalam: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/international-sanctions-iran [Diakses 26 Desember 2019].

McGlinchey, S. (2013). How the Shah Entangled America. National Interest. [online]. Dalam: https://nationalinterest.org/commentary/how-the-shah-entangled-america-8821 [Diakses 15 Desember 2019]

Mehr News Agency. (2019). VIDEO: Rescued crew of oil tankers in Sea of Oman thank Iran. [online]. Dalam: https://en.mehrnews.com/news/146415/VIDEO-Rescued-crew-of-oil-tankers-in-Sea-of-Oman-thank-Iran [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Nuruzzaman, M. (2012). Conflicts between Iran and the Gulf Arab States: An Economic Evaluation. Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait. [Online]. Dalam: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271669914_Conflicts_between_Iran_and_the_Gulf_Arab_States_An_Economic_Evaluation [Diakses 16 Desember 2019]

Prashad, V. (2019). Iran has lawful right to nuclear energy program. Asia Times. [online]. Dalam: https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/07/opinion/iran-has-lawful-right-to-nuclear-energy-program/ [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Rahim, M. H. (2019). Post JCPOA. Jurnal ICMES, 3(1), 27-52. https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v3i1.42

Ratcliffe, V. Dipaola, A. Stanley, B. (2019). U.S. Sees State Actor Behind Oil Tanker Attacks in Gulf Region. Bloomberg. [online]. Dalam: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-13/oil-tanker-on-fire-in-sea-of-oman-u-k-body-starts-probe [Diakses 16 Desember 2019]

Republika. (2019). Mulai Hari ini, Iran Tingkatkan Pengayaan Uranium. [online] Dalam: https://internasional.republika.co.id/berita/pu9ps8409/mulai-hari-ini-iran-tingkatkan-pengayaan-uranium [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Reuters. (2019). Iran's Khamenei says building, using nuclear bomb is forbidden under its religion: TV [online]. Dalam: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-nuclear-khamenei/irans-khamenei-says-building-using-nuclear-bomb-is-forbidden-under-its-religion-tv-idUSKBN1WO15H [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Sharafeddin, B. 2019. Iranian leader tells Japan's Abe Trump 'not worthy' of a reply to message. Reuters. [online]. Dalam: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-japan-usa-khamenei/iranian-leader-tells-japans-abe-trump-not-worthy-of-a-reply-to-message-idUSKCN1TE14V [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Sikkonen, V. 2019. The United States-Iran Standoff: Recent tensions are symptomatic of President Trump’s broader foreign-policy approach. Finnish Institute of International Affairs. [online]. Dalam: https://www.fiia.fi/en/publication/the-united-states-iran-standoff [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Specia, M. dan Gladstone, R. (2019). The Tension Between America and Iran, Explained. New York Times. [online]. Dalam: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/16/world/middleeast/iran-tensions-explainer.html [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Tabatabai, A.M. (2019) Iran’s National Security Debate Implications For Future US Iran Negotiations. RAND Corporations Paper. [online]. Dalam: https://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE344.html [Diakses 16 Desember 2019]

Usip.org. (2019). Peta, dimuat dalam: https://www.usip.org/publications/2019/06/origins-and-future-iran-crisis [Diakses 15 Desember 2019]

US News . (2019). Iran's Zarif Calls Oil Tanker Incidents 'Suspicious', Wants Regional Talks. [Online]. Dalam https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2019-06-13/irans-zarif-calls-oil-tanker-incidents-suspicious-wants-regional-talks [Diakses 18 Desember 2019]

Wheeler, N. Dan Booth, K. (2008). Rethinking the Security Dilemma. [online]. Dalam: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37146990_Rethinking_the_Security_Dilemma [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Wintour, P. 2019. UK joins US in accusing Iran of tanker attacks as crew held. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jun/14/us-accuses-iran-of-detaining-crew-after-oil-tanker-attack [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Xin Hua. 2019. Iran says "Hormuz Peace Initiative" seeks durable peace in region. [online]. Dalam: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-09/23/c_138415136.htm [Diakses 26 Desember 2019]

Published
2019-12-30
How to Cite
Salsabila, F., & Yulianti, D. (2019). Security Dilemma dalam Ketegangan AS-Iran Pasca Serangan Kapal Tanker di Teluk Oman. Jurnal ICMES, 3(2), 200-222. https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v3i2.56