Upaya Pembentukan Palestinian Unity Government

Analisis Rekonsiliasi Politik antara Hamas dan Fatah Pasca-Cairo Agreement 2017

  • Abdullah Abdullah Universitas Brawijaya
  • Mohammad Ihza Fahirdan
Keywords: Fatah, Hamas, Palestinian unity, Palestinian Unity Government, transitional justice

Abstract

This article discusses the long efforts of reconciliation in Palestine between Hamas and Fatah that have been going on for the last decade but have not yet achieved the expected results. The agreed-upon agreements become formalities that stop at the negotiation stage, not yet at the implementation stage. This research focuses on efforts to form a Palestinian Unity Government after the 2017 Cairo Agreement during the 2017-2020 period. The concept used in the analysis is the concept of transitional justice, which is closely related to the issue of human rights. This study uses a descriptive-analytic method to examine variables relevant to the research objectives. The results of this study indicate that among the obstacles to establishing a Palestinian Unity Government is the incomplete accountability for human rights violations committed by the two groups against each other, the existence of mutual distrust of one another, and the exclusion of other factions from the reconciliation efforts.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdulsalam, H. (2018). Sejarah Intifada 1987: Lemparan Batu Palestina Menampol Israel. [online] Tirto. Dalam: https://tirto.id/sejarah-intifada-1987-lemparan-batu-palestina-menampol-israel-dbeb [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Akram, F. (2017). To Help Unity Deal, Gaza Families Get $50,000 Payments to End Blood Feuds. [online] Times of Israel. Dalam: https://www.timesofisrael.com/to-help-unity-deal-gaza-families-get-50000-payments-to-end-blood-feuds/ [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Al Jazeera. (2021). Palestinian Elections: Why Fatah and Hamas are Facing a Major Test. Dalam: https://www.aljazeera.com [diakses pada June 23, 2023]

Al-Amoudi, M. (2019). Hamas Promotes Relief Work of Abbas' Fatah Rival. [online] Al-Monitor. Dalam: https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2019/01/gaza-hamas-dahlan-aid-relief-work-pressure.html (Diakses 10 Maret 2022).

Al-Khader, Muhammad, dan Fransesca Del Mese. (2021). Palestine Transitional Justice Consolidated Position Papers. [online] Musawa. Dalam: https://musawa.ps/uploads/9de003c64b787d4cb9eb6bfdcb955440.pdf [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Al Tahhan, Zena. (2017). Hamas and Fatah: How are the two groups different?. Al-Jazeera, [online]. Dalam: https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/10/12/hamas-and-fatah-how-are-the-two-groups-different [Diakses 14 Juni 2023].

Amer, A. (2017). Hamas Awaits Abbas' Response After Dissolving Gaza Administrative Committee. [online] Al-Monitor. Dalam: https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2017/09/hamas-dissolve-administrative-committee-gaza-fatah-reconcile.html [Diakses 25 Februari 2022].

Amnesty International. (2020). Palestine (State Of). [online] Dalam: https://www.amnesty.org/en/location/middle-east-and-north-africa/palestine-state-of/report-palestine-state-of/ [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Amnesty International. (2021). Annual Report 2020/2021: State of the World's Human Rights. [online] Dalam: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol10/3202/2021/en/ [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. (2021). The Geopolitics of Palestinian Elections. Dalam: https://carnegieendowment.org/ [diakses pada June 23, 2023]

DW News. (2017). Palestinians Want Reconciliation between Fatah and Hamas. [online] Dalam: https://www.dw.com/en/palestinians-want-reconciliation-between-fatah-and-hamas/a-40570035 [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Elgindy, K. (2015). Palestinian Political Crisis Deepens with Collapse of Unity Government. America Aljazeera, [online]. Dalam: http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/6/19/palestinian-political-crisis-deepens-with-collapse-of-unity-government.html [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

European Commission for Democracy Through Law. (2009). Basic Law of the Palestinian National Authority. [online] Dalam: https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL(2009)008-e [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Frangi, Abdallah. (1983). The PLO and Palestine. London: Zed Books.

Hass, A. (2021). Abbas Tightens His Control Over the Palestinian Court System. Haaretz, [online] Dalam: https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/.premium-sparking-election-fears-abbas-tightens-grip-on-palestinian-court-system-1.9492477 [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Human Rights Watch. (2018). Two Authorities, One Way, Zero Dissent. [online] Dalam https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/05/29/palestine-no-letup-arbitrary-arrests-torture [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Human Rights Watch. (2021). Israel/Gaza: Unlawful Israeli Airstrikes Kill Civilians. [online] Dalam: https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/07/15/israel/palestine-unlawful-israeli-airstrikes-kill-civilians [Diakses 23 Juni, 2023].

Human Rights Watch. (2022). Palestinian Authority: Arbitrary Arrests, Torture. [online] Dalam: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/30/palestine-impunity-arbitrary-arrests-torture [Diakses 23 Juni 2023].

Hussain, H. (2017). Remembering the First Intifada. Middle East Monitor, [online] Dalam: https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20171209-remembering-the-first-intifada-2/ [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Information, Country Origin. (2018). Occupied Palestinian Territories: Background Information, Including Actors of Protection and Internal Relocation. [online] Dalam: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/fil/770254/OPTs_-_Background_-_CPIN_-_v1.0__December_2018_.pdf [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Johannsen, M. (2011). The Reconciliation of Hamas and Fatah: Policy Brief No. 3. Academic Peace Orchestra Middle East. [online] Dalam: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/iez/09217.pdf [Diakses 15 Mei 2023].

Laub, Zachary, dan Robinson. (2021). What is Hamas. [online] CFR. Dalam: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hamas [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

McGreal, C. (2006). Fatah Struggles with Tainted Image. The Guardian, [online] Dalam: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/24/israel [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Middle East Monitor. (2021). Why Are Palestinian Elections So Controversial? Dalam: https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/ [diakses pada June 23, 2023]

Pina, D. (2006). Palestinian Elections. [online] Dalam: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33269.pdf [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Rasgon, A. (2017). Hamas Preventing Palestinian Government from Operating in Gaza. Jerusalem Post. [online] Dalam: https://www.jpost.com/ [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Rotberg, R., dan Dennis F. (2000). Truth v Justice: The Morality of Truth and Reconciliation Commissions. Princeton: Princeton University.

Salah, M. (2013). The Palestinian Strategic Report 2011/2012. Beirut: Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies & Consultations.

Sara Roy. (2004). "The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development," Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 34, No. 1

Sara Roy. (2011). Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Schanzer, J. (2008). Hamas vs Fatah: The Struggle for Palestine. New York: St. Martin's Press,.

Seyam, M. (2019). The Continue Failure of the Mediation and Reconciliation Process in the Internal Palestinian Conflict (Fatah and Hamas): Reasons and Results. Doha: Doha Institute for Graduate Studies.

Swart, Mia. (2019). Palestinian Reconciliation and The Potential of Transitional Justice. Doha: Bookings Doha Center.

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women). (2020). Gender Equality Profile Status of Women in the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

United Nations Human Rights Council. (2020). The Palestinian Authority and Hamas Must Be Held Accountable for International Law Violations. [online] Dalam https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A.HRC_.45.NGO_.114.pdf [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

United Nations Human Rights. (2005). Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. [online] Dalam https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/remedyandreparation [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

United Nations Human Rights. (2021). OHCR in Occupied Palestinian Territory. [online] Dalam https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/MENARegion/Pages/OPT.aspx [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

United Nations. (2012). Gaza in 2020: A Livable Place? [online]. Dalam: https://www.unrwa.org/newsroom/press-releases/gaza-2020-liveable-place [diakses pada June 23, 2023]

United Nations. (2008). What is Transitional Justice: A Backgrounder. [online] Dalam https://www.un.org/peacebuilding/sites/www.un.org.peacebuilding/files/documents/26_02_2008_background_note.pdf [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

United Nations. (2013). Report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem. [online] Dalam: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/745109?ln=en [Diakses 23 Juni 2023].

United Nations. (2017). Intra Palestinian Agreement Ends Decade-Long Divide. [online] Dalam: https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc13035.doc.htm [diakses pada Mei 15, 2022].

United Nations. (2021). Universal Declarations of Human Rights. [online] Dalam: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Vick, Karl. (2011). The Quiet Bloody War that Threatens the Hamas-Fatah Union. [online] Time. Dalam: http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2071358,00.html [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Wiener-Bronner, Danielle. (2014). A Brief History of the Fraught Relationship Between Fatah and Hamas. [online] The Atlantic. Dalam https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/04/a-brief-history-of-the-fraught-relationship-between-fatah-and-hamas/361178/ [Diakses 15 Mei 2022].

Published
2023-06-29
How to Cite
Abdullah, A., & Fahirdan, M. (2023). Upaya Pembentukan Palestinian Unity Government. Jurnal ICMES, 7(1), 82-103. https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v7i1.136