The Palestinian-Israeli Conflict During the Second Intifada in the Perspective of Constructivism and Political Strategy
Abstract
Abstract
The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has occurred since 1948 and continues to persist; until now, it has not ended. There were times when the conflict escalated, including in the period 2000-2005 known as the Intifada II. That period became a historic event in the 21st century, especially in the Middle East. Before the Second Intifada, there was the First Intifada (1987-1993) which became a symbol of the first physically planned resistance carried out by the Palestinian people after many attempts to resolve the conflict diplomatically. After the First Intifada, efforts were made to resolve the dispute through the Oslo Agreement. Still, Israel did not fulfill some of the promises made to the Palestinians, and the continued occupation and repression of the Palestinian people had triggered a more significant conflict until the Second Intifada (2000-2005) erupted. This article aims to map the variables involved in this conflict so that it is known which variables play a role in escalating and prolonging the conflict. The relationship between these variables is constructed based on systems thinking and visualized in a Causal Loop Diagram. Furthermore, the authors analyze this phenomenon with the perspective of constructivism and the concept of political strategy in conflict resolution. The finding of this study is that external actor, namely the United States, has taken the form of a Gradualism strategy through conflict manipulation so that the conflict becomes prolonged.
Downloads
References
Daftar Pustaka
Anwar, I.C. (2021). Apa Itu Intifada I dan II dalam Sejarah Konflik Palestina & Israel?. Tirto, [online]. Dalam: https://tirto.id/gf8J [Diakses pada tanggal 19 Juni 2021]
Ben Gurion, D. (nd) Theodore Herzl Biography. [daring] Britannica. Dalam: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodor-Herzl [Diakses pada tanggal 4 September 2021]
B’Tselem Report. (1999). Oslo: before and after: The Status of Human Rights in
the Occupied Territories. Dalam: http://www.btselem.org/publications/summaries/199905_oslo_before_and_after. [Diakses pada tanggal 19 Juni 2022].
Goldenberg, S. (2001). Heat Turned Up on Arafat. The Guardian, [online]. Dalam: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/dec/04/israel5 [Diakses pada tanggal 19 Juni 2022]
Lear, E.N., & Laqueur, W.Z. (1974). A History of Zionism. Contemporary Sociology, Vol 3, p. 440.
Pressman, J. (2003). Visions in Collision: What Happened at Camp David and Taba?. International Security. 28. 5-43. 10.1162/016228803322761955.
Sarasi, V., Yulianti, D., Farras, J.I. (2021). Pengantar Berpikir Sistem dan Dinamika Sistem. Bengkulu: Penerbit Yayasan Sahabat Alam Raflesia.
Satrianingsih, A., & Abidin, Z. (2016). Sejarah Zionisme dan Berdirinya Negara Israel. Jurnal Adabiyah, 16(2), 172-184. https://doi.org/10.24252/JAd.v17i116i2a7
Sharif, B. A. (2009). Arafat and the Dream of Palestine. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Weiss J dan Rosenberg S. (2003). Sequencing Strategies and Tactics. (daring) Dalam: https://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/issue-segmentation [Diakses pada tanggal 5 September 2021)
Wibowo H. (2014). Mandat Liga Bangsa-Bangsa: Kegagalan Palestina Menjadi Negara Merdeka (1920-1948). Al-Turāṡ. Vol 20 no. 2. 297-311.
